一、濟南水泥穩(wěn)定碎石施工原材料

　　1、 Jinan Cement Stabilized Crushed Stone Construction Raw Materials

　　1、石料廠要固定廠家，不超過2家，規(guī)格、色澤一致、棱角性較好、針片狀較少，石質穩(wěn)定、顆粒級配穩(wěn)定。

　　1. The stone factory should have no more than two fixed manufacturers, with consistent specifications, color, good edges, few needle like shapes, stable stone quality, and stable particle size distribution.

　　2、材料規(guī)格共四檔即：0～5mm石粉、5～10mm碎石、10～20mm碎石和20～25mm碎石。核心控制碎石的級配、壓碎值、密度及吸水率、針片狀、含泥量等指標。

　　2. There are four material specifications: 0-5mm stone powder, 5-10mm crushed stone, 10-20mm crushed stone, and 20-25mm crushed stone. Focus on controlling the grading, crushing value, density, water absorption rate, needle like texture, mud content and other indicators of crushed stone.

　　3、進場的碎石按不同的產(chǎn)地、規(guī)格分別堆放，不得混雜?；鶎佑盟槭氂帽O(jiān)理人認可的覆蓋措施進行覆蓋。

　　3. The crushed stones entering the site shall be stacked separately according to different origins and specifications, and shall not be mixed. The gravel used for grassroots construction must be covered with covering measures approved by the supervisor.

　　4、水泥采用42.5級普通硅酸鹽緩凝水泥，散裝水泥出廠后應停放至少3天，安定性合格方可使用。所用水泥初凝時間應大于3小時，終凝時間應大于6小時且小于10小時。

　　4. The cement used is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. Bulk cement should be stored for at least 3 days after leaving the factory, and can only be used after passing the stability test. The initial setting time of the cement used should be greater than 3 hours, and the final setting time should be greater than 6 hours and less than 10 hours.

　　5、水應潔凈，不得含有有害物質。拌合站使用的非飲用水應進行水質檢驗。

　　5. Water should be clean and free from harmful substances. The non potable water used in the mixing station should undergo water quality testing.

　　容易出現(xiàn)的問題：材料高度過高，使用過程中出現(xiàn)離析

　　Common problems: The material height is too high, and segregation occurs during use

　　解決問題的措施：料堆過高，超過2m，要提前翻拌均勻使用

　　Solution to the problem: If the material pile is too high, exceeding 2 meters, it should be thoroughly mixed and used in advance

　　解決問題的措施：材料分層堆放

　　Solution to the problem: Layered stacking of materials

　　容易出現(xiàn)的問題：材料覆蓋不嚴密，含水量控制不均勻

　　Common problems: loose material coverage and uneven control of moisture content

　　解決問題的措施材料覆蓋嚴密：

　　The measures to solve the problem are covered tightly with materials:

　　容易出現(xiàn)的問題：隔離墻采用編織袋，容易破損，不允許使用

　　Common issues: The partition wall is made of woven bags, which are prone to damage and are not allowed to be used

　　解決問題的措施：設置隔離墻和標識牌，防止材料混摻；嚴格控制石屑粉質量；石屑粉含泥量較高，不能使用；潔凈石屑粉，砂當量要求不低于60%；精細化管理措施：建立材料樣品池，做為收料標準

　　Measures to solve the problem: set up isolation walls and signs to prevent material mixing; Strictly control the quality of stone chip powder; Stone chip powder has a high mud content and cannot be used; Clean stone chip powder, with a sand equivalent requirement of not less than 60%; Refined management measures: Establish a material sample pool as the receiving standard
　二、施工配合比控制

　　2、 Construction mix proportion control

　　1、無機結合料組成設計應包括原材料檢驗、目標配合比設計、混合料的生產(chǎn)配合比和施工參數(shù)確定四個部分。

　　1. The composition design of inorganic binders should include four parts: raw material inspection, target mix design, production mix ratio of the mixture, and determination of construction parameters.

　　2、目標配合比設計：①選擇級配范圍②確定結合料類型及摻配比例③驗證混合料相關的技術指標。

　　2. Target mix design: ① Select the grading range ② Determine the type and mixing ratio of the binder ③ Verify the technical indicators related to the mixture.

　　3、生產(chǎn)配合比設計：① 確定料倉供料比例②確定水泥穩(wěn)定材料的容許延遲時間③確定結合料劑量的標定曲線④確定混合料的非常佳含水率、非常大干密度。

　　3. Production mix design: ① Determine the feeding ratio of the silo ② Determine the allowable delay time of cement stabilized materials ③ Determine the calibration curve of the binder dosage ④ Determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density of the mixture.

　　4、施工參數(shù)確定階段：①確定施工中結合料的劑量②確定施工合理含水率及非常大干密度③驗證混合料強度技術指標。

　　4. Construction parameter determination stage: ① Determine the dosage of binder during construction ② Determine the reasonable moisture content and maximum dry density for construction ③ Verify the technical indicators of the strength of the mixture.

　　5、基礎混合料還應檢驗抗沖刷和抗裂性能。

　　5. The basic mixture should also be tested for its resistance to erosion and cracking.

　　三、拌和站控制

　　3、 Mixing station control

　　1、各料倉、水泥電子稱在使用前經(jīng)有資質的檢測部門進行標定，使用前還需進行動載試驗標定，確保計量準確。

　　1. Each silo and cement electronic scale must be calibrated by a qualified testing department before use, and dynamic load testing calibration must also be conducted before use to ensure accurate measurement.

　　2、混合料拌合時，應采用兩次拌合的生產(chǎn)工藝，拌合時間應不少于15s。拌合站布局合理，施工井然有序。

　　2. When mixing the mixture, a two-stage mixing production process should be used, and the mixing time should not be less than 15 seconds. The layout of the mixing station is reasonable and the construction is orderly.

　　拌合設備安置規(guī)范并檢修、標定合格：輸入材料比例嚴禁隨意調整，需根據(jù)試驗檢測結果，由試驗人員完成材料比例調整

　　The placement of mixing equipment shall be standardized, maintained, and calibrated to be qualified: the proportion of input materials shall not be adjusted arbitrarily, and the material proportion adjustment shall be completed by the testing personnel based on the test results

　　拌合站采用電腦控制材料比例，專人監(jiān)控，保證配合比準確：拌合站采用變頻加水控制器，嚴格控制用水量。

　　The mixing station adopts computer-controlled material ratio and is monitored by a dedicated person to ensure accurate mixing ratio. The mixing station adopts a variable frequency water controller to strictly control the water consumption.

　　3、材料裝運由專人指揮車輛，確保運輸過程不產(chǎn)生離析。要求自卸車分三次裝料防離析：

　　3. The transportation of materials is directed by a dedicated person to ensure that there is no segregation during the transportation process. Require the dump truck to be loaded three times to prevent segregation:

　　4、搭設工作平臺，專人負責覆蓋料車。搭設工作平臺，專人負責覆蓋料車。料車覆蓋嚴密。

　　4. Set up a work platform and assign a dedicated person to cover the material truck. Set up a work platform and assign a dedicated person to cover the material truck. The material truck is tightly covered.

　　四、施工過程控制

　　4、 Construction process control

　　1、分項工程施工前,制定施工方案，進行技術、安全交底，設置技術交底展板。

　　1. Before the construction of sub projects, develop a construction plan, conduct technical and safety briefings, and set up technical briefing display boards.

　　承包人應在施工前一天準備好下承層，發(fā)現(xiàn)表面過干、表面松散的下承層應予鏟除，防止形成薄層，待基層施工時予以找平；當松散層較厚時，清除 后按挖補處理。下承層表面應平整、堅實、干凈，具有規(guī)定的路拱。施工前對下承層灑水濕潤填寫工作面驗收單：

　　The contractor should prepare the underlying layer one day before construction. If the surface is too dry or loose, the underlying layer should be removed to prevent the formation of a thin layer. It should be leveled during the construction of the base layer; When the loose layer is thick, it should be removed and treated as excavation and repair. The surface of the lower layer should be flat, solid, clean, and have the prescribed road arch. Before construction, sprinkle water on the lower layer to moisten it and fill out the work face acceptance form:

　　2、路肩采用鋼模方法控制：

　　2. The shoulder is controlled by steel formwork method:

　　3、基層施工宜采用多臺攤鋪機全幅攤鋪，攤鋪機的規(guī)格、型號要求一致。在機械上設置工作標識牌，明確職責

　　3. Multiple pavers should be used for full width paving during grassroots construction, and the specifications and models of the pavers should be consistent. Set up work signs on machinery to clarify responsibilities

　　4、當基層不能全幅攤鋪而采用半幅攤鋪時，應在中縫處設立側模。鋼模板采用三角撐和Φ25鋼釬共同支撐，支撐牢固，每根鋼模板分別用三根三角撐和鋼釬來支撐，分別支撐于鋼模的1m、3m、5m處；相鄰模板之間互相扣連，防止模板發(fā)生變形。

　　4. When the base cannot be fully paved and half width paving is adopted, side formwork should be set up at the middle joint. The steel formwork is supported by triangular braces and Φ 25 steel drills, which are firmly supported. Each steel formwork is supported by three triangular braces and steel drills, respectively, at 1m, 3m, and 5m from the steel formwork; Adjacent templates are interlocked to prevent deformation of the templates.

　　5、專人清除“粗集料窩”：設專人對邊部滑落粗骨料鏟起運走防粗骨料集中而離析，專人清理粗集料窩，清理深度不少于10cm。攤鋪機前專人負責松鋪厚度：

　　5. A dedicated person is responsible for clearing the "coarse aggregate pit": a dedicated person is assigned to shovel and transport the sliding coarse aggregate at the edges to prevent the concentration and segregation of coarse aggregate. A dedicated person is responsible for cleaning the coarse aggregate pit to a depth of no less than 10cm. A dedicated person in front of the paver is responsible for the thickness of the loose paving:

　　6、對攤鋪機進行適當?shù)母倪M（如在攤鋪機兩側擋料板下加擋料皮等），以避免混合料離析。

　　6. Make appropriate improvements to the paver (such as adding material barriers under the material barriers on both sides of the paver) to avoid segregation of the mixture.

　　7、攤鋪過程中采取措施，確保表面濕潤。人工采用噴灑器對小面積局部表面風干進行處理：膠輪壓路機改進灑水裝置向上灑水，確保表面濕潤：

　　7. Take measures during the paving process to ensure that the surface is moist. Artificially using sprayers to dry small areas of local surfaces: the rubber roller is equipped with an improved sprinkler system that sprays water upwards to ensure surface moisture

　　8、核心控制壓實工作，每個工作面至少1臺25T膠輪壓路機或雙鋼輪壓路機、4臺激振力大于35t重型振動壓路機，突出組合一般為：膠輪2遍（或雙鋼輪穩(wěn)壓2-3遍），振動至少7遍（4遍強振、3遍弱振;前進振動、后退靜壓、重疊1/2輪為1遍）、靜壓2遍，非常后采用雙鋼輪壓路機突出以消除輪跡，均重疊1/2輪。在表面碎石無破損情況下，適當增加突出遍數(shù)，專人控制突出質量。

　　8. Key control of compaction work, at least one 25T rubber roller or double drum roller, and four heavy-duty vibration rollers with excitation force greater than 35t are required for each working face. The rolling combination is generally: rubber roller for 2 times (or double drum stabilizing for 2-3 times), vibration for at least 7 times (4 times strong vibration, 3 times weak vibration; forward vibration, backward static pressure, overlapping 1/2 wheel for 1 time), static pressure for 2 times, and finally, double drum roller is used for rolling to eliminate wheel marks, with an overlap of 1/2 wheel. In the absence of damage to the surface gravel, increase the number of rolling passes appropriately and assign a dedicated person to control the quality of rolling.

　　突出過程中，壓路機嚴禁隨意停放，應停放在已突出完成且不妨礙車輛通過的路段。

　　During the compaction process, the roller is strictly prohibited from being parked randomly and should be parked on a road section that has already been compacted and does not obstruct the passage of vehicles.

　　膠輪壓路機突出至少2遍：

　　Rubber roller shall roll at least twice:

　　振動壓路機突出至少7遍（4遍強振、3遍弱振;前進振動、后退靜壓、重疊1/2輪為1遍）

　　The vibratory roller shall roll at least 7 times (4 times strong vibration, 3 times weak vibration; forward vibration, backward static pressure, overlapping 1/2 wheel for 1 time)

　　振動壓路機設置鋼絲繩防止粘輪：

　　The vibratory roller is equipped with a steel wire rope to prevent wheel sticking:

　　9、主線部分與培土路肩要同時突出，嚴格控制施工段落長度，以200～300m為宜。

　　9. The main line and the soil shoulder should be compacted simultaneously, and the length of the construction section should be strictly controlled, preferably between 200-300m.

　　10、上下基層施工間隔不大于水泥初凝時間，以3-4小時為宜。由于上下基層連續(xù)攤鋪，下基層完成后應及時組織驗收，先由駐地或副駐地組織驗收外觀：不得有松散、翻漿、輪跡、離析等問題，然后由現(xiàn)場監(jiān)理組織驗收各項指標，合格后方可攤鋪上基層，上基層攤鋪

　　10. The interval between the construction of the upper and lower base layers should not exceed the initial setting time of the cement, preferably 3-4 hours. Due to the continuous paving of the upper and lower base layers, timely acceptance should be organized after the completion of the lower base layer. Firstly, the resident or deputy resident should organize the acceptance of the appearance: there should be no looseness, grouting, wheel marks, segregation and other problems. Then, the on-site supervisor should organize the acceptance of various indicators. Only after passing the inspection can the upper base layer be paved

　　11、攤鋪行進方向應順路線行進方向，縱坡路段的攤鋪壓實應由坡下往坡上進行。

　　11. The direction of paving should follow the direction of the route, and the paving and compaction of longitudinal slope sections should be carried out from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope.

　　邊樁采用掛線控制高程：

　　The elevation of the edge stakes is controlled by hanging lines:

　　中樁采用支設鋁合金桿控制高程：

　　The middle pile is supported by aluminum alloy rods to control the elevation:

　　按照工作段長度設置調頭地點，專人引導車輛。

　　Set the turning point according to the length of the work section, and assign a dedicated person to guide the vehicle.

　　攤鋪過程中跟蹤檢測：

　　Tracking and detection during paving process:

　　及時對平整度進行自檢

　　Timely self check the flatness

　　檢測合格及時覆蓋

　　Qualified testing and timely coverage

　　五、接縫處理

　　5、 Seam treatment

　　（1）與老路基層縱向接縫時，臺階開挖要順直、密實，不能出現(xiàn)掏空、內傾現(xiàn)象。

　　(1) When excavating the longitudinal joint with the old road base, the steps should be straight and compact, and there should be no hollowing or inward tilting.

　　（2）新做基層半幅施工時，縱縫應垂直相接，外傾坡度為10:1，第一幅基層成型后，對接縫進行初步切邊處理，并切至結構密實，成型良好部位。保證邊部大面垂直、縱向直順。

　　(2) When constructing half of the new base layer, the longitudinal joints should be vertically connected with an outward slope of 10:1. After the first base layer is formed, the joints should be preliminarily trimmed and cut to a structurally dense and well formed area. Ensure that the edges are vertical and straight in the longitudinal direction.

　?。?）第二幅施工前，對第一幅邊部再進行精切邊，保證成型完好，結構密實。

　　(3) Before the construction of the second piece, the edges of the first piece should be finely cut to ensure that the shape is intact and the structure is dense.

　　用兩層再生棉覆蓋，灑水保持濕潤：

　　Cover with two layers of recycled cotton and sprinkle water to keep it moist:

　　（4）第二幅攤鋪前，對接縫處灑水濕潤，涂刷水泥凈漿。

　　(4) Before the second paving, water the joints to moisten them and apply cement paste.

　?。?）攤鋪時應保證后施工的基層壓實厚度較先施工的基層厚度高約2-3mm，突出前，對接縫處進行清掃，突出時，靠近接縫部位5cm處采用三輪壓路機增加突出遍數(shù)壓至密實。

　　(5) When paving, it should be ensured that the compacted thickness of the base layer to be constructed later is about 2-3mm higher than that of the base layer to be constructed first. Before rolling, the joints should be cleaned. During rolling, a three wheel roller should be used to increase the number of rolling passes near the 5cm joint area until it is compacted.

　　終壓前在縱縫處灌入水泥漿，并增加縱縫處的突出遍數(shù)，用18-21T三輪壓路機在縱縫處增加3遍突出，確?？v縫處突出密實。

　　Before final compaction, pour cement slurry into the longitudinal joint and increase the number of rolling passes at the longitudinal joint. Use an 18-21T three wheel roller to roll the longitudinal joint three times more to ensure that it is compacted.

　　（6）成型后及時進行驗收，核心對邊部和接縫處的壓實度、鉆芯成型情況進行檢驗。

　　(6) After forming, timely acceptance should be carried out, with a focus on inspecting the compaction degree and core drilling forming situation at the edges and joints.

　　橫縫處理

　　Horizontal seam treatment

　　(1)用攤鋪機攤鋪混合料時，不宜中斷，如因故中斷時間超過2h，設置橫縫，橫縫處核心檢查壓實度和平整度。

　　(1) When using a paver to spread the mixture, it is not advisable to interrupt. If the interruption time exceeds 2 hours due to any reason, a transverse joint should be set up, and the compaction and flatness should be checked at the transverse joint.

　　(2)采用多臺攤鋪機成梯形攤鋪時，橫縫應設在一個斷面上，不得采用梯形橫接縫。橫縫處的覆蓋濕潤、噴灑水泥凈漿、突出等符合前述有關標準。

　　(2) When using multiple pavers to spread in a trapezoidal shape, the transverse joints should be set on one section and trapezoidal transverse joints should not be used. The coverage, spraying of cement paste, and rolling at the transverse joints shall comply with the relevant standards mentioned above.

　　不得采用梯形橫縫，橫縫應在一個斷面上

　　Trapezoidal transverse joints shall not be used, and the transverse joints shall be on one section

　　六、養(yǎng)生控制

　　6、 Health Control

　　(一)基層突出完成后立即進行養(yǎng)生，養(yǎng)生時間至少7d，直至瀝青面層施工時清掃基層工作面，方可停止養(yǎng)生。采取雙層養(yǎng)生毯覆蓋，養(yǎng)生毯建議結實完整無破損且雙面帶毛絨。覆蓋時縱、橫向搭接寬度均不少于20cm  ，養(yǎng)生期間保持濕潤，并間隔300米設置彩鋼瓦，半幅施工中間設置隔離墩及彩條旗，同時每隔60米設置一道擋土埂。擋土埂按照精細化相應尺寸進行設置。

　?。?） After the completion of the grassroots compaction, the curing should be carried out immediately for at least 7 days until the asphalt surface is cleaned during the construction of the grassroots working surface, and then the curing can be stopped. Adopting double-layer health blanket coverage, the health blanket must be sturdy, intact, undamaged, and double-sided with plush. When covering, the longitudinal and transverse overlap width should not be less than 20cm. During the maintenance period, it should be kept moist and color steel tiles should be installed at intervals of 300 meters. Isolation piers and colored flags should be set up in the middle of the half span construction, and a retaining embankment should be set up every 60 meters. The retaining embankment shall be set according to the refined corresponding size.

　　覆蓋完畢后采用側噴養(yǎng)生：

　　After covering, use side spray for health preservation:

　　側噴灑水養(yǎng)生：

　　Side spray water for health preservation:

　?。ǘ㏒BS改性乳化瀝青透層加SBS改性熱瀝青下封層養(yǎng)生：

　　（2） SBS modified emulsified asphalt top coat and SBS modified hot asphalt bottom coat curing:

　　上基層施工完成后，若能全部封閉交通，采用灑布乳化瀝青透層加熱瀝青封層養(yǎng)生，經(jīng)監(jiān)理人驗收合格后，在突出成型路段上及時灑布乳化瀝青（一般用量1.2Kg/m2），破乳后再灑布熱瀝青（一般用量1.0-1.2Kg/m2），乳化瀝青及熱瀝青的灑布量根據(jù)試驗段情況確定。在攤鋪瀝青面層前一天灑布預拌碎石（6～8m3/Km2），熱拌熱撒（145℃-165℃）。

　　After the completion of the grassroots construction, if the traffic can be completely closed, emulsified asphalt through layer heating asphalt sealing layer curing should be used. After passing the inspection of the supervisor, emulsified asphalt (generally 1.2Kg/m2) should be sprayed in a timely manner on the rolled and formed road section, and then hot asphalt (generally 1.0-1.2Kg/m2) should be sprayed after emulsion breaking. The spraying amount of emulsified asphalt and hot asphalt should be determined according to the test section. Sprinkle pre mixed crushed stone (6-8m3/km2) and hot mix hot sprinkle (145 ℃ -165 ℃) the day before laying the asphalt surface layer.

　　灑布SBS改性乳化瀝青（一般用量1.2Kg/m2）：

　　Spraying SBS modified emulsified asphalt (general dosage 1.2Kg/m2):

　　灑布SBS改性熱瀝青（一般用量1.0-1.2Kg/m2）

　　Spraying SBS modified hot asphalt (general dosage 1.0-1.2Kg/m2)

　　在攤鋪瀝青面層前一天灑布預拌碎石（6～8m3/Km2），熱拌熱撒（145℃-165℃）

　　Sprinkle pre mixed crushed stone (6-8m3/km2) and hot mix and hot sprinkle (145 ℃ -165 ℃) one day before laying the asphalt surface layer

　　通過對原材料、配合比、施工過程、養(yǎng)生等一系列精細化管理措施，保證了基層施工質量。

　　Through a series of refined management measures such as raw materials, mix proportions, construction processes, and health preservation, the quality of grassroots construction has been ensured.

　　基層攤鋪避免了離析，做到了級配均勻、密實，成型較好，上下基層以及油層和基層連接良好。

　　The base paving avoids segregation, achieves uniform and dense grading, good shaping, and good connection between the upper and lower base layers, as well as between the oil layer and the base layer.

　　骨架嵌擠結構既保證強度，又減少了基層橫向裂縫的產(chǎn)生，取得了良好的施工效果。

　　The skeleton interlocking structure not only ensures strength but also reduces the occurrence of transverse cracks in the base layer, achieving good construction results.

　　七、首件工程施工圖片

　　7、 First piece construction picture

　　基層和底基層正式施工前，應提交首件開工申請及進行安全技術交底。

　　Before the formal construction of the grassroots and sub base, the first piece of construction application should be submitted and safety technical disclosure should be conducted.

　　1、首件施工期間需檢測項目：原材料、結合料劑量、含水率、級配、松鋪系數(shù)、混合料擊實。

　　1. During the first piece construction period, the following items need to be tested: raw materials, binder dosage, moisture content, gradation, loose paving coefficient, and compaction of the mixture.

　　2、養(yǎng)生7天后檢測項目：無側限抗壓強度、鉆芯取樣評價外觀、彎沉、承載比

　　2. After 7 days of health preservation, the testing items include unconfined compressive strength, appearance evaluation through core sampling, deflection, and bearing ratio

　　3、總結報告內容：首件檢測報告、總體效果評價、關鍵參數(shù)推薦值包括配合比、含水率、松鋪系數(shù)、突出工藝、養(yǎng)生控制、安全控制等。

　　3. Summary report content: First article inspection report, overall effect evaluation, recommended key parameters including mix proportion, moisture content, loose paving coefficient, rolling process, health control, safety control, etc.

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